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China
Clay |
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China
Clay :-China clay finds many industrial
applications and new ones are still being discovered.
Its value lies in its chemical inertness, whiteness,
hiding power as an extender, reinforcing
characteristics, low conductivity of heat and
electricity etc. User industries differ greatly in
their specific requirements. Some require CHINA CLAY
as cheap filler i.e. relatively free from impurities
and are not too fussy about colour. Others require
grade of china clay with exceptional brightness
specific particles sizes for specialized application.
At the bottom of the scale are uses such as cement
additives for which poor quality china clays are
suitable and therefore elaborate processing methods
are not required. However, for the majority of uses,
the modern tendency is to produce standardized
products from a group of mines with a variety of
instrumental controls to maintain the desire
properties. More
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Bentonite |
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Bentonite
is one of the two naturally occurring minerals
of montmorillonite group with decolorizing and
absorbing properties, the other minerals of this
group being fuller’s earth. On exposure,
almost all Bentonite assume a slightly darker
shade due to absorption of moisture. Two types
of Bentonite viz., swelling and non-swelling
types are commonly known in trade. Sodium
Bentonite is of swelling type while calcium
Bentonite is non-swelling. Bentonite is believed
to have been formed by the alteration of
volcanic ash deposits, mostly of Upper
Cretaceous Age. The commercial importance of
Bentonite depends more on its physico-chemical
properties such as Base Exchange capacity,
thixotropy, settling time, swelling power, pH
value, etc. then on chemical composition. Treated Bentonite has been used in palletizing
of iron ore fines, in ceramic nuclear fuels and
ceramic moderators. More
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Bauxite |
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Bauxite
is the principal raw material in the
production of Aluminium. Some of the other
uses are in production of Aluminous cements,
slag adjuster in Iron industry and as an
ingredient in the production of Portland
cements.
Bauxite is a raw material consisting mainly of
alumina-bearing hydroxides; oxides of Iron,
silicon and titanium with impurities of Ca, Mg,
Cr, V, P, Ga and other elements. Basic
alumina containing minerals of Bauxites are
gibbsite AI(OH)3, boehmite g-AIO(OH) and
diaspore a-AIO(OH). Besides,
Bauxites contain minerals of iron: hematite a-Fe2O3, goethite a-FeO(OH); silica as quartz
a-SiO2 and kaolin AI2[Si2O5](OH)4; titanium
dioxide as anatase and rutile. Carbonates
of Ca & Mg, Sulphur, impurities of organic
substances are also present in smaller
quantities in Bauxite.
The quality of bauxite for alumina production is
estimated by the contents of AI2O3 and
SiO2, and
also by the mineral form of aluminium
oxide.
High quality bauxites are successfully used for
metallurgical grade alumina production besides
applications in the cement industry, alumina
chemical, steel, alum, emery industries,
flame-retardants etc. The processing
of these bauxites is done at a number of alumina
refineries in the world. Bauxite can be
processed at a low temperature autoclave
digestion (155'C). They can be used also
for sweetening stage and for non autoclave
digestion in agitators (105'C). |
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Salt |
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Salt:-
We are into the export of sea salt from
India from the past fifteen years. We are
successfully exporting the same to various
countries on our side of the Globe. We are
proud of the fact that today we are one of the
largest exporters of sea salt from India.
India produces approx. 10 million tons of salt
per annum, Gujarat state being the biggest
production base. The Kandla region
produces around 4 million tons and the balance
coastline of Gujarat, a further 2 million tons.
We are purely merchant exporters and have firm
long-term commitments and strategic partnerships
with manufacturers of sea salt having a total
capacity of 0.50 million tons at
present. More
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Bentonite